한국정부와 재벌의 유착(23-6-29)/에코노미스트

최근6월20일 세계은행산하 투자중재포럼인 ICSID는 해지펀드인 엘리엇투자자문(당시 삼성C&T의 7%지분보유)이 한국정부를 상대로 한 삼성그룹계열사간의 합병(삼성C&T vs 제일산업)에 한국정부의 부당한 개입으로 본 손실보상(7.7억달러)요구 소송에서  1.08억달러(소송비용/이자포함)의 보상판결을 했다.

한국정부는 그 금액에서 삼성측이 엘리엇에 기지급한 금액을 차감해달라는 청원을 다시했다.

이미 외국기업과 관련된 비지니스에서 불공정한 영향력행사로 여러 건의 소송에 걸려있는 한국정부의 행태는 그로벌 금융무대에서 한국기업에게 불리한 "코리안 디스카운트"의 한 원인으로 보여진다.

삼성합병건은 이건희에서 이재용으로의 순조로운 그룹경영권승계를 위해서 국민년금기금에 당시 문형표 보건복지부장관(국민년금관할)합병승인안건 통과지시 및 당시 박근혜대통령에 대한 뇌물로비 사건으로 이어져 , 두사람 모두 수감(대통령은 탄핵까지)되고 나중에 사면되었다.

서울대 박상인 교수는 정경유착이 납세자의 부담이 되는 드라마를 극명하게보여준다고 말한다.

 

=South Korea’s government and business are over-close/A court case reveals just how cosy=

 

Lee kun-hee embarked on a world tour in 1993 to take stock of Samsung, the firm he inherited from his father. Finding its televisions and other electronics languishing on shelves, he decided to remake Samsung’s image. “Change everything but your wife and your children,” he told employees. One thing that didn’t change, according to a ruling by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (icsid), is the close relationship between such chaebol, family-run conglomerates that form the backbone of South Korea’s economy, and the government.

On June 20th the World Bank’s arbitration forum ruled that South Korea’s government had left Elliott Investment Management, an American hedge fund, out of pocket by improperly meddling in a merger between two units of Samsung. The deal in 2015 between Samsung c&t and Cheil Industries was seen as an attempt to ensure a smooth succession between Mr Lee and his son, Lee Jae-yong. Elliott, which owned a 7% stake in Samsung c&t, objected to the valuation of its shares and launched a proxy battle, which it lost after South Korea’s National Pension Service (nps), which held stakes in both firms, backed the deal.

Yet in 2016 Moon Hyung-pyo, the health minister at the time of the merger and by then the head of the nps, was indicted for pressing the pension service to approve the deal. This triggered a series of investigations into corrupt dealings between Samsung and the government which revealed that the younger Mr Lee had bribed the then president, Park Geun-hye, to aid his succession. Ms Park was impeached; both ended up in jail (and both were subsequently pardoned).

Elliott filed suit in 2018 with the icsid, claiming that the government’s actions violated its free-trade agreement with America, and sought $770m in compensation. The government claimed that Elliott’s hedging strategy, which involved buying Cheil swaps after the merger went through, meant that it had made a profit of $1.9m. Despite the court finding in its favour, Elliott says that it was awarded only $108m, including interest and legal costs.

Instead of quietly paying up, on June 27th the Ministry of Justice petitioned the court to deduct from the amount it owed a sum previously paid to Elliott from Samsung related to the merger. Continuing to make life hard for a foreign investor seems at odds with the spirit of the country’s capital-market reforms, which are designed to attract investors and end the “Korean discount” that plagues its companies. Such meddling—in other ongoing cases the government is accused of exerting undue influence on the business dealings of foreign firms—in part explains the discount.

The entire affair may also upset ordinary South Koreans. Aside from the drain on the public purse from the court case, it is a reminder that the original merger cut the value of the country’s pension fund by $300m, by some estimates. Park Sang-in of Seoul National University says the drama highlights how the “relationship between the government and the chaebol will cost the taxpayers money”.